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The Engineering Behind Rubber Tracks: How Do Excavator Tracks Work?

Mini-Excavators are essential machines in Construction and more and more in the agriculture industries. Known for their versatility and ease of operation they are used to accomplish a variety of tasks . From a simple hole to a longer and precise trench there are always tasks waiting for this type of machine. A crucial component is their rubber tracks, which play a vital role in their mobility and functionality. In this article, we explain the mechanics of excavator tracks, exploring their design, operation, and the various components that make them effective for a wide range of tasks.


Are You Looking for High-Quality Excavator Tracks?

Specializing in high-quality rubber tracks for agricultural and industrial use, Global Track Warehouse (GTW) offers products designed to enhance the performance and longevity of your machinery. GTW's rubber tracks are engineered for heavy-duty applications, providing superior stability and maneuverability across diverse terrains.


Key benefits include:

  • Better Weight Distribution: Our tracks spread the load across a wider area, reducing ground pressure and minimizing site damage.

  • Improved Ground Traction: Enhanced traction ensures safer and more efficient operation on soft or uneven surfaces.

  • Vibration and Shock Absorption: Rubber tracks absorb vibrations, offering a smoother ride and less wear on your equipment.

  • Noise Reduction: Significantly quieter than steel tracks, making them ideal for urban and noise-sensitive environments.


Explore our extensive selection and find the perfect rubber tracks for your needs. Use our product selector to narrow down your options or visit our clearance shop for great deals. For a tailored solution, request a quote today and discover how GTW can improve your machine's performance and efficiency!



The Basics of Mini-Excavators 

Mini-Excavators tracks are complex pieces of engineering that provide the foundation for the machine's mobility and functionality. Understanding their components and mechanisms—from the Rubber Track chains or pads to the hydraulic control system—is crucial for maximizing the efficiency and lifespan of these vital components.


Components and Mechanisms

Mini-Excavators tracks consist of 3 mains key components: Rubber, metal bars and reinforcement cable. These components work together to provide stability and traction, allowing the Mini-Excavators to maneuver across challenging terrains. 


Rubber track or Track Chains and Pads

The rubber track or the track chains and pads form continuous loops around the undercarriage of the excavator. These chains are critical for the track system's integrity and functionality. In the case of the Track chains and Pad, the chains linking all the pads together as for the rubber track  the continuous reinforcement cable is doing so.

The design of tread varies depending on the required pressure, flotation and traction. Mini-Excavators tread pattern is less critical and most designs toward wear resistance and toughness. They  have a more universal type of pattern offering a good compromise for each of these parameters.


Drive Sprocket and Track Pins

The drive sprocket is responsible for propelling the tracks. It engages with the track metal bars, which act as pivotal points. This interaction drives the entire machine forward or backward. The track must withstand the power transmitted through the drive sprocket and must be sufficient to move the machine weight and any excavator attachments or loads.

Hydraulic Mechanisms

Excavator tracks are driven by hydraulic motors powered by the excavator's hydraulic pump. Hydraulic fluid is pumped through these motors, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. This process provides the necessary torque to move the tracks and, consequently, the entire excavator. The hydraulic system includes components like hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pumps, and control valves, all of which must be maintained at the correct fluid level to ensure optimal performance.


Detailed Functionality

Hydraulic Control and Cylinders

The hydraulic control system is central to the operation of Mini-Excavators. It includes control valves that regulate the flow of hydraulic fluid to the motors and cylinders. These cylinders are essential for various movements of the excavator, including turning,  lifting and lowering of the boom and excavator arm. Proper maintenance of hydraulic fluid filters and correct level is crucial for the smooth operation of the machine.


Structure, Frame and Undercarriage

The track frame and overall structure of the excavator undercarriage provide the foundation for the track system. The frame supports the weight of the entire machine and must be robust enough to withstand the stresses of heavy-duty operation. 

Guide wheels, rollers and sprockets, help maintain the alignment of the tracks, ensuring they stay on course during operation.


Why is the Rubber track selected in the design of Mini-Excavators?

Rubber is considered the ideal material for Mini-Excavators tracks primarily due to a unique combination of properties that make it well-suited for interacting with harsh environments like Dirt, gravel, sand and construction working ground. Rubber is flexible, which allows it to conform to various terrain interfaces offering good coefficient of friction, extreme resistance to tear and cuts and having the ability to keep is original mechanical properties even under high repeating cycle. This flexibility also absorbs shocks and vibrations, reducing operator fatigue, wear on the machine itself.


There is also a few additional key design elements that rubber tracks offers:

  • Low Ground Pressure: Rubber tracks distribute the weight of the machine over a larger surface area compared to steel tracks or wheels. This lowers the ground pressure, minimizing damage to delicate surfaces like grass, asphalt, or paved areas.

  • Quiet Operation: Rubber tracks generate less noise compared to steel tracks or wheels. This is advantageous in environments where reducing operational noise is important.

  • Traction and Stability: Rubber tracks provide excellent traction on a wide range of surfaces, including loose soil, mud, and slopes. This traction enhances the stability of the machine during operation, reducing the risk of slippage.

  • Resistance to Abrasion and Wear: High-quality rubber compounds used in tracks are resistant to abrasion and wear, ensuring longevity even in tough operating conditions. This durability translates to lower maintenance costs and increased uptime.

  • Ease of Replacement and Installation: Compared to steel tracks, rubber tracks are easier to install and replace. This reduces downtime and maintenance costs, contributing to overall operational efficiency.



How to Install Mini-Excavator Rubber Tracks

Installing rubber tracks on an excavator is a crucial process that ensures the machine operates smoothly and efficiently. Let's go through the installation process:


Step 1: Removing the track Tension

  • Locate the Grease Valve: Find the grease valve cover on the track frame and remove it to access the grease fitting.

  • Inspect tensioner cleanliness: Make sure the slides are clean and that there is no mud or rock pack and squeeze in the tensioner. If there is debris this will act as an obstacle to recoil and to provide the adequate slack to remove and install new track. 

  • Release Tension: Unscrew the grease fitting this will open the passage for grease to get out of the tensioning cylinder. 

  • Install Square Wood block 6X6X 24-36 inch: Put the wood block in front of the track just so it is positioned to push and recoil the idler. 

  • Recoil tensioner: With the excavator arm slowly push on the wood block to recoil the idler.This operation needs to be done slowly and with qualified operator

Step 2: Lifting the Mini-Excavator

  • Lifting: Turn the excavator arm to 90 degree to excavator undercarriage and lift the machine with the arm. No need to raise too much simply about the overall thickness + 2 inches. You will use the ground to support the track slack and weight. Install secure jack stands under the machine. Make sure to use an extension to push the jack stand under the machine. 

  • Support: Secure the machine in this lifted position on the jack stand.

Step 3: Removing the Old Track

  • Track Removal: With the help of the 2 pry bars, remove the track from one idler side and then from the sprocket side.

Step 4: Inspecting Undercarriage Components

  • Remove tensioner from undercarriage: Clean the slide and remove any mud remaining in the enclosed area. Make sure to close the grease zerk and powerwash the spring around the cylinder.

  • Clean Undercarriage: Use l from the undercarriage. This ensures optimal performance and longevity of the new track.

  • Check for Damage: Inspect the undercarriage components thoroughly. Look for signs of worn sprockets, damaged rollers, or excessive wear. Replace any damaged parts to prevent future operational issues. We recommend changing the machine sprocket everytime you change tracks for optimal life.

  • Grease tensioning slides and reinstall tensioner: Make sure to push the tensioner to the maximum recoil position to ease the new track installation.

Step 4: Installing the New Rubber Track

  • Positioning: Place the new rubber track around the rear sprocket first and then using the 2 pry bars slide onto the front idler wheel and under the rollers. 

  • Alignment: Double-check that the track is aligned properly to prevent premature wear and ensure optimal performance.

Step 5: Adjusting Track Tension

  • Grease cylinder: Use the grease gun to add grease through the grease fitting. This action pushes the idler wheel outward, tightening the track around the undercarriage.

  • Tension Check: Check the Sag recommendation in your machine service manual. Should be between 1-2 inches of sag between the rollers and the track.

  • Adjustment: If necessary, adjust the tension using the grease gun to achieve the correct balance. Make sure not to hypertension the track. Improper tension can lead to premature wear of tracks and UC and affect machine performance.

  • In the air rotation and tension recheck : Start machine and make the track turn slowly for 10 cycles forward and 10 cycles backward.. Observe any abnormal noise or vibration. Recheck SAG and readjust tension using the grease gun to achieve the correct balance. 

  • Cover Reattachment: Reattach the grease valve cover securely to protect the grease fitting..

  • Lowering the Mini-Excavator: Remove jack stand and carefully lower the machine back to the ground.

Step 6: Repeat on the other side 

  • Repeat all previous steps.

Step 7: Final Check

  • Testing: Conduct a test run to verify the performance of the newly installed rubber track. Listen for any unusual noises and make any final adjustments as needed to ensure smooth operation.

  • Recheck track tension: Check track tension after 10-20 hours of operation.

Following these detailed steps ensures that your Mini-Excavator is equipped with a properly installed and tensioned rubber track, ready to tackle various terrains and  Get The Work DONE. Regular maintenance and inspections will further extend the life of your equipment and enhance job site performance.



Optimizing the Performance and Durability of Mini-Excavators Rubber tracks

To maximize the longevity and functionality of Mini-Excavators tracks, it is essential to understand and implement key strategies:

Regular Maintenance and Inspection


  • Track Tension: Utilize the excavator track adjuster to maintain optimal track tension. Proper tension reduces the risk of track slippage and excessive wear on the excavator chain tracks.

  • Component Inspection: Inspect the drive wheels, drive shaft, and guide wheels regularly for signs of wear and damage. Early detection and replacement of worn components can prevent major failures.

  • Lubrication: Ensure all moving parts, such as the drive sprocket and track pins, are adequately lubricated. This minimizes friction and prolongs the life of the track system.

Operational Best Practices

  • Operator Training: Ensure that excavator operators are well-trained in the proper use and maintenance of the tracks. Skilled operators can significantly extend the life of the tracks through mindful operation.

  • Load Management: Avoid overloading the excavator beyond its specified excavator lift capacity. Managing heavy loads effectively prevents excessive stress on the tracks and the entire machine.

  • Terrain Adaptation: Adapt the operation of the excavator to different terrains. For instance, soft or uneven terrains require careful maneuvering to prevent track damage and ensure optimal performance.


Enhance Your Machinery with High-Quality Rubber Tracks from Global Track Warehouse

Global Track Warehouse (GTW) specializes in high-quality rubber tracks designed for agricultural and industrial machinery. Our products, tailored for heavy-duty use, enhance machine stability and maneuverability on diverse terrains, reducing ground compaction, and minimizing operational noise and vibration. This not only boosts productivity but also extends machinery life and Get The Work Done.

We support a wide range of major brands, ensuring compatibility across your fleet:

Explore our product selector, get a free quote, or visit our clearance shop for the best deals on industry-leading rubber tracks!


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